{"id":41771,"date":"2024-11-28T12:44:09","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T11:44:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/?p=41771"},"modified":"2024-12-16T19:27:49","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T18:27:49","slug":"martha-ndumbe-un-escollo-en-la-historia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Martha Ndumbe: un tropiezo en la Historia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"41771\" class=\"elementor elementor-41771\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2036542e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2036542e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75e5a8f1\" data-id=\"75e5a8f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e3ad82e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4e3ad82e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-48bcd195 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"48bcd195\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3af5cb44\" data-id=\"3af5cb44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4cae37df\" data-id=\"4cae37df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31eacc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31eacc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Martha Ndumbe: un tropiezo en la Historia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30069c8e\" data-id=\"30069c8e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc792ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc792ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7dc2af91\" data-id=\"7dc2af91\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a7c7bce\" data-id=\"3a7c7bce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a5744b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21a5744b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfSab\u00eda que Martha Ndumbe, nacida en 1902, era hija de Jacob Ndumbe, uno de los primeros africanos retratados en los llamados \"zool\u00f3gicos humanos\" de 1896?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hoy, como parte de nuestro esfuerzo por honrar las vidas perdidas bajo el r\u00e9gimen nazi, destacamos una <\/span><b>piedra de tropiezo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dedicado a Martha Ndumbe.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-274169d2\" data-id=\"274169d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70b9773d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70b9773d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a9ba6ce\" data-id=\"5a9ba6ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b722c86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b722c86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>Jacob Ndumbe: un comienzo desgarrador<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El padre de Martha, Jacob Ndumbe, lleg\u00f3 a Alemania en 1896 como parte de la Primera Exposici\u00f3n Colonial Alemana. Estas exposiciones, tambi\u00e9n llamadas zool\u00f3gicos humanos, eran exhibiciones grotescas en las que se exhib\u00eda a individuos de naciones colonizadas para entretenimiento del p\u00fablico europeo, un s\u00edmbolo desgarrador del poder colonial y la discriminaci\u00f3n racial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Una vez finalizada la exposici\u00f3n, Jacob opt\u00f3 por quedarse en Berl\u00edn. Se form\u00f3 como herrero y se cas\u00f3 con Dorothea Grunwaldt, una alemana de Hamburgo. Juntos tuvieron a Martha el 27 de julio de 1902. Pero la vida de Martha estuvo marcada por las sombras de la explotaci\u00f3n de su padre y los sistemas racialmente opresivos de Alemania.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Una infancia marcada por la p\u00e9rdida y la opresi\u00f3n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cuando Martha ten\u00eda s\u00f3lo ocho a\u00f1os, sus padres se divorciaron. Se cree que en esta separaci\u00f3n influy\u00f3 la <\/span><b>Leyes de deshonra racial<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las pol\u00edticas nazis prohib\u00edan las relaciones y los matrimonios entre arios y no arios. Estas leyes iban dirigidas a los jud\u00edos y, m\u00e1s tarde, a los afrodescendientes, marginando a\u00fan m\u00e1s a personas como Martha.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La joven vida de Martha se vio empa\u00f1ada por profundas p\u00e9rdidas. Su hermano Alfred muri\u00f3 en la infancia y su padre Jacob falleci\u00f3 en 1919 en un hospital psiqui\u00e1trico. Estas tragedias personales se sumaron a la discriminaci\u00f3n sist\u00e9mica a la que se enfrentaba como persona bicultural bajo un r\u00e9gimen opresivo.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3bb0b7c7\" data-id=\"3bb0b7c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-592d6ca8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"592d6ca8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a3430ff\" data-id=\"3a3430ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f11cfab\" data-id=\"7f11cfab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cac8753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cac8753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>Una vida de lucha y coraje<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De joven, Martha luch\u00f3 por encontrar un trabajo leg\u00edtimo debido a los estigmas que rodeaban su identidad. Al principio trabajaba como costurera, pero acab\u00f3 prostituy\u00e9ndose y cometiendo peque\u00f1os delitos para sobrevivir. Durante este dif\u00edcil periodo conoci\u00f3 a Kurt, con quien se cas\u00f3 en 1932.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u00e1gicamente, su matrimonio trajo m\u00e1s sufrimiento. Kurt oblig\u00f3 a Martha a prostituirse, explot\u00e1ndola y abusando de ella para obtener beneficios econ\u00f3micos. La valent\u00eda de Martha para denunciarlo a la polic\u00eda le llev\u00f3 a la c\u00e1rcel, pero los estragos en su vida fueron irreversibles.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Persecuci\u00f3n bajo el r\u00e9gimen nazi<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El r\u00e9gimen nazi calific\u00f3 a Martha de \"criminal profesional asocial\", t\u00e9rmino utilizado para marginar a las personas que no encajaban en los ideales sociales del r\u00e9gimen. Esta designaci\u00f3n iba dirigida a las personas que ejerc\u00edan la prostituci\u00f3n, a las que ten\u00edan antecedentes penales o a cualquiera considerado indeseable por los nazis.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A pesar de liberarse de su matrimonio abusivo, la vida de Martha sigui\u00f3 siendo precaria. En 1944, la enviaron a <\/span><b>Campo de concentraci\u00f3n de Ravensbr\u00fcck<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">donde muri\u00f3 tr\u00e1gicamente en 1945, al parecer de tuberculosis.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Un legado de injusticia<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La madre de Martha luch\u00f3 para que se hiciera justicia por el sufrimiento de su hija, pero sus esfuerzos pasaron desapercibidos. La vida y la muerte de Martha siguen siendo un doloroso recordatorio de la inhumanidad de los zool\u00f3gicos humanos, la brutalidad del r\u00e9gimen nazi y el impacto duradero del racismo y la explotaci\u00f3n sist\u00e9micos.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Homenaje a Martha Ndumbe<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Al reflexionar sobre la historia de Martha Ndumbe, su tropiezo nos recuerda la necesidad de afrontar la historia con valent\u00eda y compasi\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Honremos su memoria luchando por un mundo basado en la tolerancia, la comprensi\u00f3n y la justicia. Que las lecciones de su vida nos inspiren para desafiar la opresi\u00f3n y construir un futuro que garantice la dignidad y la igualdad para todos.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nacido en 1902, fue hijo de Jacob Ndumbe, uno de los primeros africanos retratados en los llamados \u201ezool\u00f3gicos humanos\u201c de 1896?<br \/>\nHoy, como parte de nuestro esfuerzo por honrar las vidas perdidas bajo el r\u00e9gimen nazi, destacamos una l\u00e1pida dedicada a Martha Ndumbe.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[357,334],"tags":[116,118,121],"class_list":["post-41771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-magazin","category-magazine","tag-kolonialismus","tag-projekte-gegen-rassismus","tag-rassismus-berlin"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Born in 1902, was the child of Jacob Ndumbe, one of the first Africans portrayed in the so-called &quot;human zoos&quot; of 1896? Today, as part of our effort to honor the lives lost under the Nazi regime, we highlight a stumbling stone dedicated to Martha Ndumbe.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Thil\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO Pro (AIOSEO) 4.9.10\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung - Mit einem Schritt in die Vergangenheit, zwei Schritte in die Zukunft.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History - Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Born in 1902, was the child of Jacob Ndumbe, one of the first Africans portrayed in the so-called &quot;human zoos&quot; of 1896? Today, as part of our effort to honor the lives lost under the Nazi regime, we highlight a stumbling stone dedicated to Martha Ndumbe.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/app\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pattern-with-different-shapes.webp\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/app\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pattern-with-different-shapes.webp\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"614\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"614\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-28T11:44:09+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-16T18:27:49+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dekolonialestadtfuehrung\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History - Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Born in 1902, was the child of Jacob Ndumbe, one of the first Africans portrayed in the so-called &quot;human zoos&quot; of 1896? Today, as part of our effort to honor the lives lost under the Nazi regime, we highlight a stumbling stone dedicated to Martha Ndumbe.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/app\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pattern-with-different-shapes.webp\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#blogposting\",\"name\":\"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History - Dekoloniale Stadtf\\u00fchrung\",\"headline\":\"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/author\\\/thil\\\/#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/app\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/cropped-desta_kolonialgeschichte_logo-e1716246426140-1.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/#articleImage\",\"width\":75,\"height\":75,\"caption\":\"Schwarzes Logo mit den Buchstaben \\\"d\\\" und \\\"s\\\", stilisiert und ineinander verschlungen, f\\u00fcr desta Kolonialgeschichte.\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-28T12:44:09+01:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-16T19:27:49+01:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"es-ES\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"Magazin, Magazine, kolonialismus, projekte gegen rassismus, rassismus berlin\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/category\\\/magazine\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Magazine\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/category\\\/magazine\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Magazine\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/category\\\/magazine\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/category\\\/magazine\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Magazine\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Dekoloniale Stadtf\\u00fchrung\",\"description\":\"Mit einem Schritt in die Vergangenheit, zwei Schritte in die Zukunft.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/app\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/cropped-desta_kolonialgeschichte_logo-e1716246426140-1.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#organizationLogo\",\"width\":75,\"height\":75,\"caption\":\"Schwarzes Logo mit den Buchstaben \\\"d\\\" und \\\"s\\\", stilisiert und ineinander verschlungen, f\\u00fcr desta Kolonialgeschichte.\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#organizationLogo\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/dekolonialestadtfuehrung\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/decolonialtours\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/author\\\/thil\\\/#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/author\\\/thil\\\/\",\"name\":\"Thil\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/\",\"name\":\"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History - Dekoloniale Stadtf\\u00fchrung\",\"description\":\"Born in 1902, was the child of Jacob Ndumbe, one of the first Africans portrayed in the so-called \\\"human zoos\\\" of 1896? Today, as part of our effort to honor the lives lost under the Nazi regime, we highlight a stumbling stone dedicated to Martha Ndumbe.\",\"inLanguage\":\"es-ES\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/author\\\/thil\\\/#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/author\\\/thil\\\/#author\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-28T12:44:09+01:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-16T19:27:49+01:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/\",\"name\":\"Dekoloniale Stadtf\\u00fchrung\",\"description\":\"Mit einem Schritt in die Vergangenheit, zwei Schritte in die Zukunft.\",\"inLanguage\":\"es-ES\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\\\/es\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro -->\r\n\t\t<title>Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History - Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung<\/title>\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Martha Ndumbe: Un tropiezo en la historia - Visita decolonial a la ciudad","description":"Nacida en 1902, fue la hija de Jacob Ndumbe, uno de los primeros africanos retratados en los llamados \"zool\u00f3gicos humanos\" de 1896? Hoy, como parte de nuestro esfuerzo por honrar las vidas perdidas bajo el r\u00e9gimen nazi, destacamos una l\u00e1pida dedicada a Martha Ndumbe.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#blogposting","name":"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History - Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung","headline":"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/author\/thil\/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/app\/uploads\/2024\/05\/cropped-desta_kolonialgeschichte_logo-e1716246426140-1.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/#articleImage","width":75,"height":75,"caption":"Schwarzes Logo mit den Buchstaben \"d\" und \"s\", stilisiert und ineinander verschlungen, f\u00fcr desta Kolonialgeschichte."},"datePublished":"2024-11-28T12:44:09+01:00","dateModified":"2024-12-16T19:27:49+01:00","inLanguage":"es-ES","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#webpage"},"articleSection":"Magazin, Magazine, kolonialismus, projekte gegen rassismus, rassismus berlin"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/category\/magazine\/#listItem","name":"Magazine"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/category\/magazine\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Magazine","item":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/category\/magazine\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#listItem","name":"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/category\/magazine\/#listItem","name":"Magazine"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/#organization","name":"Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung","description":"Mit einem Schritt in die Vergangenheit, zwei Schritte in die Zukunft.","url":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/app\/uploads\/2024\/05\/cropped-desta_kolonialgeschichte_logo-e1716246426140-1.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#organizationLogo","width":75,"height":75,"caption":"Schwarzes Logo mit den Buchstaben \"d\" und \"s\", stilisiert und ineinander verschlungen, f\u00fcr desta Kolonialgeschichte."},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#organizationLogo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dekolonialestadtfuehrung\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/decolonialtours\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/author\/thil\/#author","url":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/author\/thil\/","name":"Thil"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/","name":"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History - Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung","description":"Born in 1902, was the child of Jacob Ndumbe, one of the first Africans portrayed in the so-called \"human zoos\" of 1896? Today, as part of our effort to honor the lives lost under the Nazi regime, we highlight a stumbling stone dedicated to Martha Ndumbe.","inLanguage":"es-ES","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/author\/thil\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/author\/thil\/#author"},"datePublished":"2024-11-28T12:44:09+01:00","dateModified":"2024-12-16T19:27:49+01:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/","name":"Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung","description":"Mit einem Schritt in die Vergangenheit, zwei Schritte in die Zukunft.","inLanguage":"es-ES","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"es_ES","og:site_name":"Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung - Mit einem Schritt in die Vergangenheit, zwei Schritte in die Zukunft.","og:type":"article","og:title":"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History - Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung","og:description":"Born in 1902, was the child of Jacob Ndumbe, one of the first Africans portrayed in the so-called &quot;human zoos&quot; of 1896? Today, as part of our effort to honor the lives lost under the Nazi regime, we highlight a stumbling stone dedicated to Martha Ndumbe.","og:url":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/","og:image":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/app\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pattern-with-different-shapes.webp","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/app\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pattern-with-different-shapes.webp","og:image:width":614,"og:image:height":614,"article:published_time":"2024-11-28T11:44:09+00:00","article:modified_time":"2024-12-16T18:27:49+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dekolonialestadtfuehrung\/","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History - Dekoloniale Stadtf\u00fchrung","twitter:description":"Born in 1902, was the child of Jacob Ndumbe, one of the first Africans portrayed in the so-called &quot;human zoos&quot; of 1896? Today, as part of our effort to honor the lives lost under the Nazi regime, we highlight a stumbling stone dedicated to Martha Ndumbe.","twitter:image":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/app\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pattern-with-different-shapes.webp"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"41771","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"Martha Ndumbe","score":90,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":9,"maxScore":9,"error":0},"keyphraseInDescription":{"score":9,"maxScore":9,"error":0},"keyphraseLength":{"score":9,"maxScore":9,"error":0,"length":2},"keyphraseInURL":{"score":5,"maxScore":5,"error":0},"keyphraseInIntroduction":{"score":9,"maxScore":9,"error":0},"keyphraseInSubHeadings":{"score":3,"maxScore":9,"error":1},"keyphraseInImageAlt":[],"keywordDensity":{"type":"best","score":9,"maxScore":9,"error":0}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"BlogPosting","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-05-16 12:09:59","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"open_ai":"{\"title\":{\"suggestions\":[],\"usage\":0},\"description\":{\"suggestions\":[],\"usage\":0}}","ai":null,"created":"2024-11-28 11:39:22","updated":"2026-05-16 12:09:59"},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/category\/magazine\/\" title=\"Magazine\">Magazine<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tMartha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History\n<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es"},{"label":"Magazine","link":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/category\/magazine\/"},{"label":"Martha Ndumbe: A Stumbling Stone in History","link":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/2024\/11\/martha-ndumbe-a-stumbling-stone-in-history\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41771"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43973,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41771\/revisions\/43973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekolonialestadtfuehrung.de\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}